1 { Copyright (C) 2005 Bas Steendijk and Peter Green
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2 For conditions of distribution and use, see copyright notice in zlib_license.txt
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3 which is included in the package
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4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
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10 {$include lcoreconfig.inc}
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13 written by Bas Steendijk (beware)
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15 the aim of this unit is to provide randomness in a consistent way, using OS specific methods for seeding
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17 this unit uses MD5 for performance and code size, but it is made so it is easy to use a different hash,
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18 as long as it is atleat 128 bits, and a multiple of the "word size" (32 bits)
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22 - for the code to be:
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23 - relatively simple and small
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26 - for the numbers to be
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27 - random: pass diehard and similar tests
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28 - unique: generate UUID's
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29 - secure: difficult for a remote attacker to guess the internal state, even
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30 when given some output
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32 typical intended uses:
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33 - anything that needs random numbers without extreme demands on security or
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34 speed should be able to use this
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35 - seeding other (faster) RNG's
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36 - generation of passwords, UUID's, cookies, and session keys
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37 - randomizing protocol fields to protect against spoofing attacks
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38 - randomness for games
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40 this is not intended to be directly used for:
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41 - high securirity purposes (generating RSA root keys etc)
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42 - needing random numbers at very high rates (disk wiping, some simulations, etc)
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45 - 24 MB/s on 2.2 GHz athlon64 core on windows XP 32 bits
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46 - 6.4 MB/s on 1 GHz p3 on linux
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49 - fpc 2.2, linux: fastmd5: 12 kb; lcorernd: 6 kb.
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50 - delphi 6: fastmd5: 3 kb; lcorernd: 2 kb
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52 reasoning behind the security of this RNG:
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55 1: i assume that any attacker has no local access to the machine. if one gained
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56 this, then there are more seriousness weaknesses to consider.
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57 2: i attempt to use enough seeding to be difficult to guess.
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58 on windows: GUID, various readouts of hi res timestamps, heap stats, cursor
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60 on *nix: i assume /dev/(u)random output is secure and difficult to guess. if
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61 it misses, i use /dev/wtmp, which typically has as lot of entropy in it. i also use hi res timestamps.
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62 3: on a state compromise, one can easily get up to the hash size worth of previous output, beyond that one has
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63 to invert the hash operation.
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65 - mixing/expansion: a secure hash random walk on a buffer with a constant secret and a changing exposed part,
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66 the big secret part serves to make it difficult for an attacker to predict next and previous output.
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67 the secret part is changed during a reseed.
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72 <wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww>
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73 ____________________________ ________________________________________________
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75 [hashsize][hashsize][hashsize]
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76 <rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr>
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79 <wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww>
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80 <rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr>
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84 [ output ][ secret ]
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87 this needs testing on platforms other than i386
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90 these routines are called by everything else in lcore, and if the app coder desires, by the app.
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91 because one may want to use their own random number source, the PRNG here can be excluded from linking,
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92 and the routines here can be hooked.
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95 {$include uint32.inc}
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97 {return a dword with 32 random bits}
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102 randomdword:function:wordtype;
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104 {fill a buffer with random bytes}
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105 procedure fillrandom(var buf;length:integer);
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107 {generate an integer of 0 <= N < i}
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108 function randominteger(i:longint):longint;
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110 {generate an integer with the lowest b bits being random}
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111 function randombits(b:integer):longint;
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113 {generate a version 4 random uuid}
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114 function generate_uuid:string;
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116 {$ifndef nolcorernd}
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118 {call this to mix seeding into the pool. is normally done automatically and does not have to be called
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119 but can be done if one desires more security, for example for key generation}
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120 procedure seedpool;
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122 {get some raw OS specific randomness. the output is not mixed so it should not be used directly as random numbers}
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123 function collect_seeding(var output;const bufsize:integer):integer;
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125 function internalrandomdword:wordtype;
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128 reseedinterval:integer=64;
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133 {$ifndef nolcorernd}
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135 {$ifdef win32}windows,activex,types,{$endif}
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136 {$ifdef unix}baseunix,unix,unixutil,{$endif}
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139 {$ifdef unix}{$include unixstuff.inc}{$endif}
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142 {hashtype must be array of bytes}
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147 wordsize=1 shl wordsizeshift;
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149 {$if (wordsize <> sizeof(wordtype))}'wordsizeshift must be setcorrectly'{$ifend}
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151 hashsize=sizeof(hashtype);
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152 halfhashsize=hashsize div 2;
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153 hashdwords=hashsize div wordsize;
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154 pooldwords=3*hashdwords;
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156 hashpasssize=48; {this number has to be small enough that hashing this size uses only one block transform}
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159 {the seed part of this buffer must be atleast as big as the OS seed (windows: 104 bytes, unix: 36 bytes)}
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160 pool:array[0..(pooldwords+seeddwords-1)] of wordtype;
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161 reseedcountdown:integer;
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164 function collect_seeding(var output;const bufsize:integer):integer;
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167 guid:array[0..3] of longint;
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168 qpcbuf:array[0..1] of longint;
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169 rdtscbuf:array[0..1] of longint;
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170 systemtimebuf:array[0..3] of longint;
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175 end absolute output;
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176 rdtsc_0,rdtsc_1:integer;
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179 if (bufsize < sizeof(l)) then exit;
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180 result := sizeof(l);
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182 l.pid := GetCurrentProcessId;
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183 l.tid := GetCurrentThreadId;
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186 cocreateguid(tguid(l.guid));
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188 {QUERYPERFORMANCECOUNTER}
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189 queryperformancecounter(tlargeinteger(l.qpcbuf));
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198 l.rdtscbuf[0] := rdtsc_0;
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199 l.rdtscbuf[1] := rdtsc_1;
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202 getsystemtime(tsystemtime(l.systemtimebuf));
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205 getcursorpos(l.cursor);
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207 l.hs := getheapstatus;
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214 wtmpinited:boolean;
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215 wtmpcached:hashtype;
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217 procedure wtmphash;
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220 buf:array[0..4095] of byte;
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224 if wtmpinited then exit;
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226 assignfile(f,'/var/log/wtmp');
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228 {$i-}reset(f,1);{$i+}
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229 if (ioresult <> 0) then exit;
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231 while not eof(f) do begin
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232 blockread(f,buf,sizeof(buf),numread);
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233 md5process(state,buf,numread);
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236 md5finish(state,wtmpcached);
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237 wtmpinited := true;
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241 function collect_seeding(var output;const bufsize:integer):integer;
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246 devrnd:array[0..3] of integer;
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247 rdtscbuf:array[0..1] of integer;
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250 end absolute output;
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251 rdtsc_0,rdtsc_1:integer;
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255 if (bufsize < sizeof(l)) then exit;
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256 result := sizeof(l);
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260 assignfile(f,'/dev/urandom');
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262 {$i-}reset(f,1);{$i+}
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264 if (a <> 0) then begin
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265 assignfile(f,'/dev/random');
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266 {$i-}reset(f,1);{$i+}
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269 if (a = 0) then begin
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270 blockread(f,l.devrnd,sizeof(l.devrnd));
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273 {the OS we are on has no /dev/random or /dev/urandom, get a hash from /var/log/wtmp}
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275 move(wtmpcached,l.devrnd,sizeof(l.devrnd));
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277 {get more randomness in case there's no /dev/random}
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278 {$ifdef cpu386}{$ASMMODE intel}
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284 l.rdtscbuf[0] := rdtsc_0;
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285 l.rdtscbuf[1] := rdtsc_1;
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288 gettimeofday(l.tv);
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293 {this produces a hash which is twice the native hash size (32 bytes for MD5)}
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294 procedure bighash(const input;len:integer;var output);
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296 inarr:array[0..65535] of byte absolute input;
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297 outarr:array[0..65535] of byte absolute output;
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299 h1,h2,h3,h4:hashtype;
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304 getmd5(inarr[0],a,h1);
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305 getmd5(inarr[a],len-a,h2);
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307 move(h1[0],h3[0],halfhashsize);
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308 move(h2[0],h3[halfhashsize],halfhashsize);
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309 move(h1[halfhashsize],h4[0],halfhashsize);
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310 move(h2[halfhashsize],h4[halfhashsize],halfhashsize);
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312 getmd5(h3,hashsize,outarr[0]);
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313 getmd5(h4,hashsize,outarr[hashsize]);
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316 procedure seedpool;
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320 a := collect_seeding(pool[pooldwords],seeddwords*wordsize);
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321 if (a = 0) then halt;
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322 bighash(pool[hashdwords],(2*hashsize)+a,pool[hashdwords]);
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323 getmd5(pool[0],hashpasssize,pool[0]);
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326 function internalrandomdword;
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328 if (reseedcountdown <= 0) then begin
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330 reseedcountdown := reseedinterval * hashdwords;
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331 end else if ((reseedcountdown mod hashdwords) = 0) then begin;
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332 getmd5(pool[0],hashpasssize,pool[0]);
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334 dec(reseedcountdown);
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336 result := pool[reseedcountdown mod hashdwords];
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340 procedure fillrandom(var buf;length:integer);
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343 buf_:array[0..16383] of uint32 absolute buf;
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347 for a := (length shr wordsizeshift)-1 downto 0 do begin
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348 buf_[b] := randomdword;
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351 length := length and (wordsize-1);
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352 if length <> 0 then begin
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354 move(a,buf_[b],length);
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361 function randombits(b:integer):longint;
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363 result := randomdword;
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364 result := result and (-1 shr (wordsizebits-b));
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365 if (b = 0) then result := 0;
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368 function randominteger(i:longint):longint;
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373 //bitscounter := bitscounter + numofbitsininteger(i);
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374 if (i = 0) then begin
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378 {find number of bits needed}
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380 if (j < 0) then begin
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381 result := randombits(wordsizebits);
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383 end else if (j >= (1 shl (wordsizebits-2))) then begin
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384 b := wordsizebits-1
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387 for a := 0 to (wordsizebits-2) do begin
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388 if j < 1 shl a then begin
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395 result := randombits(b);
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400 ch:array[0..15] of char='0123456789abcdef';
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402 function generate_uuid:string;
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404 buf:array[0..7] of word;
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405 function inttohex(w:word):string;
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407 result := ch[w shr 12] + ch[(w shr 8) and $f] + ch[(w shr 4) and $f] + ch[w and $f];
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410 fillrandom(buf,sizeof(buf));
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413 buf[3] := (buf[3] and $fff) or $4000;
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416 buf[4] := (buf[4] and $3fff) or $8000;
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418 result := inttohex(buf[0]) + inttohex(buf[1]) + '-' + inttohex(buf[2]) +'-'+ inttohex(buf[3]) + '-' + inttohex(buf[4])
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419 + '-' + inttohex(buf[5]) + inttohex(buf[6]) + inttohex(buf[7]);
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422 {$ifndef nolcorernd}
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423 initialization randomdword := @internalrandomdword;
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